Bip39 Seed Phrase. The wallet handles the hefty lifting of changing the mnemonic words by way of a means of advanced hashing, salting, and checksum operations right into a binary "seed," that's then used to generate the all-significant private and general public encryption keys. BIP32 and BIP44 are related standards https://linkdirectorynet.com/listings13078960/bip39-dictionary-https-linktr-ee-bip39-bip39-list-options